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Chimera

Chimera is a suspected China-based threat group that has been active since at least 2018 targeting the semiconductor industry in Taiwan as well as data from the airline industry.[1][2]

ID: G0114
Version: 2.1
Created: 24 August 2020
Last Modified: 25 March 2022
Enterprise Layer
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Techniques Used

Domain ID Name Use
Enterprise T1087 .001 Account Discovery: Local Account

Chimera has used net user for account discovery.[2]
.002 Account Discovery: Domain Account

Chimera has has used net user /dom and net user Administrator to enumerate domain accounts including administrator accounts.[1][2]
Enterprise T1071 .001 Application Layer Protocol: Web Protocols

Chimera has used HTTPS for C2 communications.[2]
.004 Application Layer Protocol: DNS

Chimera has used Cobalt Strike to encapsulate C2 in DNS traffic.[2]
Enterprise T1560 .001 Archive Collected Data: Archive via Utility

Chimera has used gzip for Linux OS and a modified RAR software to archive data on Windows hosts.[1][2]
Enterprise T1119 Automated Collection

Chimera has used custom DLLs for continuous retrieval of data from memory.[2]
Enterprise T1217 Browser Bookmark Discovery

Chimera has used type \\c$\Users\\Favorites\Links\Bookmarks bar\Imported From IE*citrix* for bookmark discovery.[2]
Enterprise T1110 .003 Brute Force: Password Spraying

Chimera has used multiple password spraying attacks against victim's remote services to obtain valid user and administrator accounts.[2]
.004 Brute Force: Credential Stuffing

Chimera has used credential stuffing against victim's remote services to obtain valid accounts.[2]
Enterprise T1059 .001 Command and Scripting Interpreter: PowerShell

Chimera has used PowerShell scripts to execute malicious payloads and the DSInternals PowerShell module to make use of Active Directory features.[1][2]

.003 Command and Scripting Interpreter: Windows Command Shell

Chimera has used the Windows Command Shell and batch scripts for execution on compromised hosts.[2]
Enterprise T1213 .002 Data from Information Repositories: Sharepoint

Chimera has collected documents from the victim's SharePoint.[2]
Enterprise T1039 Data from Network Shared Drive

Chimera has collected data of interest from network shares.[2]
Enterprise T1074 .001 Data Staged: Local Data Staging

Chimera has staged stolen data locally on compromised hosts.[2]
.002 Data Staged: Remote Data Staging

Chimera has staged stolen data on designated servers in the target environment.[2]
Enterprise T1482 Domain Trust Discovery

Chimera has nltest /domain_trusts to identify domain trust relationships.[2]
Enterprise T1114 .001 Email Collection: Local Email Collection

Chimera has harvested data from victim's e-mail including through execution of wmic /node: process call create "cmd /c copy c:\Users\\\backup.pst c:\windows\temp\backup.pst" copy "i:\\\My Documents\.pst"copy.[2]
.002 Email Collection: Remote Email Collection

Chimera has harvested data from remote mailboxes including through execution of \\c$\Users\\AppData\Local\Microsoft\Outlook*.ost.[2]
Enterprise T1041 Exfiltration Over C2 Channel

Chimera has used Cobalt Strike C2 beacons for data exfiltration.[2]

Enterprise T1567 .002 Exfiltration Over Web Service: Exfiltration to Cloud Storage

Chimera has exfiltrated stolen data to OneDrive accounts.[2]
Enterprise T1133 External Remote Services

Chimera has used legitimate credentials to login to an external VPN, Citrix, SSH, and other remote services.[1][2]
Enterprise T1083 File and Directory Discovery

Chimera has utilized multiple commands to identify data of interest in file and directory listings.[2]
Enterprise T1589 .001 Gather Victim Identity Information: Credentials

Chimera has collected credentials for the target organization from previous breaches for use in brute force attacks.[2]
Enterprise T1574 .002 Hijack Execution Flow: DLL Side-Loading

Chimera has used side loading to place malicious DLLs in memory.[2]
Enterprise T1070 .001 Indicator Removal on Host: Clear Windows Event Logs

Chimera has cleared event logs on compromised hosts.[2]
.004 Indicator Removal on Host: File Deletion

Chimera has performed file deletion to evade detection.[1]

.006 Indicator Removal on Host: Timestomp

Chimera has used a Windows version of the Linux touch command to modify the date and time stamp on DLLs.[2]
Enterprise T1105 Ingress Tool Transfer

Chimera has remotely copied tools and malware onto targeted systems.[1]
Enterprise T1570 Lateral Tool Transfer

Chimera has copied tools between compromised hosts using SMB.[2]
Enterprise T1036 .005 Masquerading: Match Legitimate Name or Location

Chimera has renamed malware to GoogleUpdate.exe and WinRAR to jucheck.exe, RecordedTV.ms, teredo.tmp, update.exe, and msadcs1.exe.[1]
Enterprise T1556 .001 Modify Authentication Process: Domain Controller Authentication

Chimera's malware has altered the NTLM authentication program on domain controllers to allow Chimera to login without a valid credential.[1]

Enterprise T1111 Multi-Factor Authentication Interception

Chimera has registered alternate phone numbers for compromised users to intercept 2FA codes sent via SMS.[2]
Enterprise T1106 Native API

Chimera has used direct Windows system calls by leveraging Dumpert.[1]
Enterprise T1046 Network Service Discovery

Chimera has used the get -b -e -p command for network scanning as well as a custom Python tool packed into a Windows executable named Get.exe to scan IP ranges for HTTP.[2]
Enterprise T1135 Network Share Discovery

Chimera has used net share and net view to identify network shares of interest.[2]
Enterprise T1027 Obfuscated Files or Information

Chimera has encoded PowerShell commands.[1]

Enterprise T1588 .002 Obtain Capabilities: Tool

Chimera has obtained and used tools such as BloodHound, Cobalt Strike, Mimikatz, and PsExec.[1][2]
Enterprise T1003 .003 OS Credential Dumping: NTDS

Chimera has gathered the SYSTEM registry and ntds.dit files from target systems.[1] Chimera specifically has used the NtdsAudit tool to dump the password hashes of domain users via cmsadcs.exe "NTDS.dit" -s "SYSTEM" -p RecordedTV_pdmp.txt --users-csv RecordedTV_users.csv and used ntdsutil to copy the Active Directory database.[2]
Enterprise T1201 Password Policy Discovery

Chimera has used the NtdsAudit utility to collect information related to accounts and passwords.[2]
Enterprise T1069 .001 Permission Groups Discovery: Local Groups

Chimera has used net localgroup administrators to identify accounts with local administrative rights.[2]
Enterprise T1057 Process Discovery

Chimera has used tasklist to enumerate processes.[2]
Enterprise T1572 Protocol Tunneling

Chimera has encapsulated Cobalt Strike's C2 protocol in DNS and HTTPS.[2]
Enterprise T1012 Query Registry

Chimera has queried Registry keys using reg query \\HKU\\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Terminal Server Client\Servers and reg query \\HKU\\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Internet Settings.[2]
Enterprise T1021 .001 Remote Services: Remote Desktop Protocol

Chimera has used RDP to access targeted systems.[1]
.002 Remote Services: SMB/Windows Admin Shares

Chimera has used Windows admin shares to move laterally.[1][2]
.006 Remote Services: Windows Remote Management

Chimera has used WinRM for lateral movement.[2]
Enterprise T1018 Remote System Discovery

Chimera has utilized various scans and queries to find domain controllers and remote services in the target environment.[2]
Enterprise T1053 .005 Scheduled Task/Job: Scheduled Task

Chimera has used scheduled tasks to invoke Cobalt Strike including through batch script schtasks /create /ru "SYSTEM" /tn "update" /tr "cmd /c c:\windows\temp\update.bat" /sc once /f /st and to maintain persistence.[1][2]
Enterprise T1082 System Information Discovery

Chimera has used fsutil fsinfo drives, systeminfo, and vssadmin list shadows for system information including shadow volumes and drive information.[2]
Enterprise T1016 System Network Configuration Discovery

Chimera has used ipconfig, Ping, and tracert to enumerate the IP address and network environment and settings of the local host.[2]
Enterprise T1049 System Network Connections Discovery

Chimera has used netstat -ano | findstr EST to discover network connections.[2]
Enterprise T1033 System Owner/User Discovery

Chimera has used the quser command to show currently logged on users.[2]

Enterprise T1007 System Service Discovery

Chimera has used net start and net use for system service discovery.[2]
Enterprise T1569 .002 System Services: Service Execution

Chimera has used PsExec to deploy beacons on compromised systems.[2]
Enterprise T1124 System Time Discovery

Chimera has used time /t and net time \ip/hostname for system time discovery.[2]
Enterprise T1550 .002 Use Alternate Authentication Material: Pass the Hash

Chimera has dumped password hashes for use in pass the hash authentication attacks.[2]
Enterprise T1078 Valid Accounts

Chimera has used a valid account to maintain persistence via scheduled task.[1]
.002 Domain Accounts

Chimera has used compromised domain accounts to gain access to the target environment.[2]
Enterprise T1047 Windows Management Instrumentation

Chimera has used WMIC to execute remote commands.[1][2]

Software

ID Name References Techniques
S0521 BloodHound [1] Account Discovery: Domain Account, Account Discovery: Local Account, Archive Collected Data, Command and Scripting Interpreter: PowerShell, Domain Trust Discovery, Group Policy Discovery, Native API, Password Policy Discovery, Permission Groups Discovery: Local Groups, Permission Groups Discovery: Domain Groups, Remote System Discovery, System Owner/User Discovery
S0154 Cobalt Strike [1][2] Abuse Elevation Control Mechanism: Bypass User Account Control, Abuse Elevation Control Mechanism: Sudo and Sudo Caching, Access Token Manipulation: Make and Impersonate Token, Access Token Manipulation: Parent PID Spoofing, Access Token Manipulation: Token Impersonation/Theft, Account Discovery: Domain Account, Application Layer Protocol, Application Layer Protocol: DNS, Application Layer Protocol: Web Protocols, BITS Jobs, Browser Session Hijacking, Command and Scripting Interpreter: Python, Command and Scripting Interpreter: Visual Basic, Command and Scripting Interpreter: PowerShell, Command and Scripting Interpreter: JavaScript, Command and Scripting Interpreter: Windows Command Shell, Commonly Used Port, Create or Modify System Process: Windows Service, Data Encoding: Standard Encoding, Data from Local System, Data Obfuscation: Protocol Impersonation, Data Transfer Size Limits, Deobfuscate/Decode Files or Information, Encrypted Channel: Symmetric Cryptography, Encrypted Channel: Asymmetric Cryptography, Exploitation for Client Execution, Exploitation for Privilege Escalation, File and Directory Discovery, Hide Artifacts: Process Argument Spoofing, Impair Defenses: Disable or Modify Tools, Indicator Removal on Host: Timestomp, Ingress Tool Transfer, Input Capture: Keylogging, Modify Registry, Multiband Communication, Native API, Network Service Discovery, Network Share Discovery, Non-Application Layer Protocol, Obfuscated Files or Information: Indicator Removal from Tools, Obfuscated Files or Information, Office Application Startup: Office Template Macros, OS Credential Dumping: Security Account Manager, OS Credential Dumping: LSASS Memory, Permission Groups Discovery: Local Groups, Permission Groups Discovery: Domain Groups, Process Discovery, Process Injection: Dynamic-link Library Injection, Process Injection: Process Hollowing, Process Injection, Protocol Tunneling, Proxy: Domain Fronting, Proxy: Internal Proxy, Query Registry, Reflective Code Loading, Remote Services: Windows Remote Management, Remote Services: Remote Desktop Protocol, Remote Services: SMB/Windows Admin Shares, Remote Services: Distributed Component Object Model, Remote Services: SSH, Remote System Discovery, Scheduled Transfer, Screen Capture, Software Discovery, Subvert Trust Controls: Code Signing, System Binary Proxy Execution: Rundll32, System Network Configuration Discovery, System Network Connections Discovery, System Service Discovery, System Services: Service Execution, Use Alternate Authentication Material: Pass the Hash, Valid Accounts: Domain Accounts, Valid Accounts: Local Accounts, Windows Management Instrumentation
S0404 esentutl [2] Data from Local System, Hide Artifacts: NTFS File Attributes, Ingress Tool Transfer, Lateral Tool Transfer, OS Credential Dumping: NTDS
S0002 Mimikatz [1][2] Access Token Manipulation: SID-History Injection, Account Manipulation, Boot or Logon Autostart Execution: Security Support Provider, Credentials from Password Stores, Credentials from Password Stores: Credentials from Web Browsers, Credentials from Password Stores: Windows Credential Manager, OS Credential Dumping: LSA Secrets, OS Credential Dumping: DCSync, OS Credential Dumping: Security Account Manager, OS Credential Dumping: LSASS Memory, Rogue Domain Controller, Steal or Forge Kerberos Tickets: Silver Ticket, Steal or Forge Kerberos Tickets: Golden Ticket, Unsecured Credentials: Private Keys, Use Alternate Authentication Material: Pass the Hash, Use Alternate Authentication Material: Pass the Ticket
S0039 Net [2] Account Discovery: Domain Account, Account Discovery: Local Account, Create Account: Domain Account, Create Account: Local Account, Indicator Removal on Host: Network Share Connection Removal, Network Share Discovery, Password Policy Discovery, Permission Groups Discovery: Domain Groups, Permission Groups Discovery: Local Groups, Remote Services: SMB/Windows Admin Shares, Remote System Discovery, System Network Connections Discovery, System Service Discovery, System Services: Service Execution, System Time Discovery
S0029 PsExec [2] Create Account: Domain Account, Create or Modify System Process: Windows Service, Lateral Tool Transfer, Remote Services: SMB/Windows Admin Shares, System Services: Service Execution

References

  1. Cycraft. (2020, April 15). APT Group Chimera - APT Operation Skeleton key Targets Taiwan Semiconductor Vendors. Retrieved August 24, 2020.
  1. Jansen, W . (2021, January 12). Abusing cloud services to fly under the radar. Retrieved January 19, 2021.