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Exfiltration Over Web Service: Exfiltration to Cloud Storage

ID Name
T1567.001 Exfiltration to Code Repository
T1567.002 Exfiltration to Cloud Storage

Adversaries may exfiltrate data to a cloud storage service rather than over their primary command and control channel. Cloud storage services allow for the storage, edit, and retrieval of data from a remote cloud storage server over the Internet.

Examples of cloud storage services include Dropbox and Google Docs. Exfiltration to these cloud storage services can provide a significant amount of cover to the adversary if hosts within the network are already communicating with the service.

ID: T1567.002
Sub-technique of:  T1567
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Tactic: Exfiltration
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Platforms: Linux, Windows, macOS
Version: 1.0
Created: 09 March 2020
Last Modified: 28 March 2020

Procedure Examples

ID Name Description
S0635 BoomBox

BoomBox can upload data to dedicated per-victim folders in Dropbox.[1]
S0651 BoxCaon

BoxCaon has the capability to download folders' contents on the system and upload the results back to its Dropbox drive.[2]
G0114 Chimera

Chimera has exfiltrated stolen data to OneDrive accounts.[3]
S0660 Clambling

Clambling can send files from a victim's machine to Dropbox.[4][5]
G0142 Confucius

Confucius has exfiltrated victim data to cloud storage service accounts.[6]
S0538 Crutch

Crutch has exfiltrated stolen data to Dropbox.[7]
S0363 Empire

Empire can use Dropbox for data exfiltration.[8]
G0046 FIN7

FIN7 has exfiltrated stolen data to the MEGA file sharing site.[9]
G0125 HAFNIUM

HAFNIUM has exfiltrated data to file sharing sites, including MEGA.[10]
S0037 HAMMERTOSS

HAMMERTOSS exfiltrates data by uploading it to accounts created by the actors on Web cloud storage providers for the adversaries to retrieve later.[11]
G0094 Kimsuky

Kimsuky has exfiltrated stolen files and data to actor-controlled Blogspot accounts.[12]
G0032 Lazarus Group

Lazarus Group has exfiltrated stolen data to Dropbox using a customized version of dbxcli.[13][14]
G0065 Leviathan

Leviathan has used an uploader known as LUNCHMONEY that can exfiltrate files to Dropbox.[15][16]
S0340 Octopus

Octopus has exfiltrated data to file sharing sites.[17]
S0629 RainyDay

RainyDay can use a file exfiltration tool to upload specific files to Dropbox.[18]

S0240 ROKRAT

ROKRAT can send collected data to cloud storage services such as PCloud.[19][20]
G0027 Threat Group-3390

Threat Group-3390 has exfiltrated stolen data to Dropbox.[4]
G0010 Turla

Turla has used WebDAV to upload stolen USB files to a cloud drive.[21] Turla has also exfiltrated stolen files to OneDrive and 4shared.[22]
G0128 ZIRCONIUM

ZIRCONIUM has exfiltrated stolen data to Dropbox.[23]

Mitigations

ID Mitigation Description
M1021 Restrict Web-Based Content

Web proxies can be used to enforce an external network communication policy that prevents use of unauthorized external services.

Detection

ID Data Source Data Component
DS0017 Command Command Execution
DS0022 File File Access
DS0029 Network Traffic Network Traffic Content
Network Traffic Flow

Analyze network data for uncommon data flows (e.g., a client sending significantly more data than it receives from a server) to known cloud storage services. Processes utilizing the network that do not normally have network communication or have never been seen before are suspicious. User behavior monitoring may help to detect abnormal patterns of activity.

References

  1. MSTIC. (2021, May 28). Breaking down NOBELIUM’s latest early-stage toolset. Retrieved August 4, 2021.
  2. CheckPoint Research. (2021, July 1). IndigoZebra APT continues to attack Central Asia with evolving tools. Retrieved September 24, 2021.
  3. Jansen, W . (2021, January 12). Abusing cloud services to fly under the radar. Retrieved January 19, 2021.
  4. Lunghi, D. et al. (2020, February). Uncovering DRBControl. Retrieved November 12, 2021.
  5. Chen, T. and Chen, Z. (2020, February 17). CLAMBLING - A New Backdoor Base On Dropbox. Retrieved November 12, 2021.
  6. Lunghi, D and Horejsi, J. (2018, February 13). Deciphering Confucius: A Look at the Group's Cyberespionage Operations. Retrieved December 26, 2021.
  7. Faou, M. (2020, December 2). Turla Crutch: Keeping the “back door” open. Retrieved December 4, 2020.
  8. Schroeder, W., Warner, J., Nelson, M. (n.d.). Github PowerShellEmpire. Retrieved April 28, 2016.
  9. Loui, E. and Reynolds, J. (2021, August 30). CARBON SPIDER Embraces Big Game Hunting, Part 1. Retrieved September 20, 2021.
  10. MSTIC. (2021, March 2). HAFNIUM targeting Exchange Servers with 0-day exploits. Retrieved March 3, 2021.
  11. FireEye Labs. (2015, July). HAMMERTOSS: Stealthy Tactics Define a Russian Cyber Threat Group. Retrieved September 17, 2015.
  12. An, J and Malhotra, A. (2021, November 10). North Korean attackers use malicious blogs to deliver malware to high-profile South Korean targets. Retrieved December 29, 2021.
  1. Breitenbacher, D and Osis, K. (2020, June 17). OPERATION IN(TER)CEPTION: Targeted Attacks Against European Aerospace and Military Companies. Retrieved December 20, 2021.
  2. ClearSky Research Team. (2020, August 13). Operation 'Dream Job' Widespread North Korean Espionage Campaign. Retrieved December 20, 2021.
  3. Axel F, Pierre T. (2017, October 16). Leviathan: Espionage actor spearphishes maritime and defense targets. Retrieved February 15, 2018.
  4. FireEye. (2018, March 16). Suspected Chinese Cyber Espionage Group (TEMP.Periscope) Targeting U.S. Engineering and Maritime Industries. Retrieved April 11, 2018.
  5. Cherepanov, A. (2018, October 4). Nomadic Octopus Cyber espionage in Central Asia. Retrieved October 13, 2021.
  6. Vrabie, V. (2021, April 23). NAIKON – Traces from a Military Cyber-Espionage Operation. Retrieved June 29, 2021.
  7. Jazi, Hossein. (2021, January 6). Retrohunting APT37: North Korean APT used VBA self decode technique to inject RokRat. Retrieved March 22, 2022.
  8. Cash, D., Grunzweig, J., Adair, S., Lancaster, T. (2021, August 25). North Korean BLUELIGHT Special: InkySquid Deploys RokRAT. Retrieved October 1, 2021.
  9. Symantec DeepSight Adversary Intelligence Team. (2019, June 20). Waterbug: Espionage Group Rolls Out Brand-New Toolset in Attacks Against Governments. Retrieved July 8, 2019.
  10. Faou, M. (2020, May). From Agent.btz to ComRAT v4: A ten-year journey. Retrieved June 15, 2020.
  11. Singh, S. and Antil, S. (2020, October 27). APT-31 Leverages COVID-19 Vaccine Theme and Abuses Legitimate Online Services. Retrieved March 24, 2021.